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Multi scale analysis of carbonate mass transport deposits: Bell Canyon formation (Permian), Apache Mountain, Texas
Miguez, Maximiliano
Miguez, Maximiliano
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2024
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Abstract
Mass-transport deposits (MTDs) are ubiquitous in deep-water depositional systems, and the occurrence of MTDs plays an important role in the formation and distribution of deep-water petroleum systems. Although studies at seismic-scale and outcrop-scale are common, integrated multi-scale quantification of MTDs are still lacking, especially for MTDs in carbonate slope systems.
This study uses well-exposed outcrops of the Permian Bell Canyon Formation, Apache Mountains, Texas to characterize the multi-scale heterogeneity and rock-fabric anisotropy of carbonate MTDs. Multiple scales of observation are integrated, including thin-sections, outcrop measurements, and 3D models generated from drone-derived photogrammetry to quantify (1) spatial variability in MTD thickness, (2) spatial distribution of clasts and their properties (e.g., diameter, area, long and short axis, composition), and (3) the composition and texture of the matrix. A python script was developed to perform automated shape analysis from segmented images, the output being a series of shape parameters and grain-size distributions. With these outputs, scaling relationships between various data types (e.g., clast size, aspect ratios, sorting, overall deposit thickness) was defined.
Distinct segmentation within the studied unit is revealed, characterized by major termination surfaces. Key surfaces, including basal contacts, rudstone breccia caps, and bedding planes, are identified and analyzed to understand the internal architecture and deformational features of the deposit. Analysis of clast size distribution, facilitated by the developed Python script, reveals a fining upward trend and distinct subunits. The transitional nature of the B-unit, exhibiting both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid characteristics, suggests the presence of both turbiditic currents and debris flow processes. Comparative analyses with other event beds, such as the Cerro Toro Formation, La Peña MTDs, and the Rader Member, underscore similarities in depositional mechanisms and potential source areas.
Data from this study can be utilized to help reconstruct the depositional processes and the architecture of carbonate MTDs and assess the similarities and differences between these deposits and those generated in siliciclastic and mixed-lithology sediments. Furthermore, this study provides valuable insights for the geomechanical anisotropy of carbonate MTDs, which can be applied to similar deposits in the Permian Basin as well as other carbonate systems globally.
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2024 - Mines Theses & Dissertations
Copyright of the original work is retained by the author.
Copyright of the original work is retained by the author.