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Variable strength permanent magnet system for untethered guidance on an electrode needle during deep brain stimulation
Grimshaw, Stewart C.
Grimshaw, Stewart C.
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2020
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2022-04-23
Abstract
Magnetically guided systems are a unique subset that offer untethered teleoperation with independent control of force and torque in neurosurgical procedures such as deep brain stimulation. DBS has been shown to markedly improve motor function and lengthen lifespan in patients with Parkinson’s disease, and is becoming the neurosurgical therapy of choice for intractable movement disorders. Current techniques only offer straight-line paths for the electrode, often missing the targeted region, leading to supplementary electrode insertions, resulting in additional unnecessary trauma to the surrounding neural tissue. This thesis presents a variable strength permanent magnet system capable of altering electrode trajectory of a single insertion or to accurately induce a curved trajectory. Two volumetrically equal cylindrical neodymium iron boron permanent magnets are concentrically placed such that the magnetic field strength and directionality can be varied based on the relative orientation of the two magnets. Magnet geometric design methodology is presented along with high-level design decisions for the prototype. The fabricated system is capable of producing a ‖B‖ of 81.93 mT maximum in the ’on’ state and a negligibly small ‖B‖ of 5.23 mT in the ’off’ state.
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