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The role of ozonation in potable reuse treatment trains
Vatankhah, Hooman
Vatankhah, Hooman
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2019
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Dramatic population growth along with climate change has caused water shortage in regions where an estimated 2.1 billion people live. As a result of dwindling conventional water supplies, potable reuse of municipal wastewater has been considered as an imperative component of water resource management. The implementation of potable reuse projects has mainly employed multiple purification steps to provide effective removal of aquatic pathogens as well as organic and inorganic contaminants. Typically, conventional potable reuse treatment trains employ reverse osmosis (RO) as their main purification barrier that is able to provide substantial contaminant removal. However, limitations associated with RO such as high capital and operation costs, concentrate disposal, and challenging requirements for influent water quality (i.e., removing suspended solids and organic matter content to reduce membrane fouling) has raised interest for alternative designs in potable reuse applications. Ozonation followed by biologically active filtration (BAF) is an effective treatment technology for eliminating organic matter from a variety of wastewater effluent streams through a multibarrier solution (oxidation, biological and physical filtration) and has been considered as an non-membrane-based alternative technology to RO for low salinity source waters or locations with bleeding capacity for their finished water. The main objective of this research was to optimize the O3-BAF treatment train approach by enhancing the oxidation strength of the ozonation process as well as develop a novel approach for the BAF acclimation or start-up process. The pilot-scale performance of O3-BAF was evaluated by investigating the removal of refractory organic contaminants as well as disinfection byproducts formation potential. Moreover, among membrane-based technologies in potable reuse applications, nanofiltration (NF) can be a potential alternative to RO due to its relatively lower energy consumption. A bench-scale study was conducted to evaluate the impact of pre-ozonation at relatively low O3 doses on the reduction of NF fouling and provided an insight on the feasibility of this treatment during potable reuse of municipal wastewater effluent.
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