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InSAR and its applications in geo-engineering: case studies with different platforms and sensors
Zhou, Wendy Lowry, Benjamin Wnuk, Kendall Liu, Linan Gutierrez, Marte
Zhou, Wendy
Lowry, Benjamin
Wnuk, Kendall
Liu, Linan
Gutierrez, Marte
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2024-08-05
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Abstract
InSAR (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) is a microwave remote sensing technique that uses the phase shift of radar signals acquired at different timeframes to measure or monitor ground deformation. InSAR has many implications, such as monitoring ground deformation caused by natural- or geo-hazards, e.g., earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides, anthropogenic activities, groundwater pumping, underground mining, and hydrocarbon extraction. InSAR can also be utilized to study infrastructure displacements and environmental changes, such as monitoring changes in surface water level, mapping floods, soil moisture contents (at a shallow depth), and deforestation. The first significant application of SAR is the deployment of real-aperture radar interferometry to study the topography of the Moon in the early 1970s. However, InSAR was not widely used due to the limitations of computation capacity and the sparse availa-ble SAR data until the early 1990s. A major milestone for InSAR applications came in the 1990s when researchers used SAR data to measure ground deformation induced by the Landers Earthquake in California, and one of the publications landed on the cover of Nature magazine. This landmark achievement brought widespread recognition to the potential of InSAR for mapping ground deformation. Over the past two decades, the computation power and availability of SAR data have improved considerably with the launch of more satellites carrying SAR sensors. This paper presents a brief introduction to the history and fundamentals of InSAR, as well as case studies of its applications in the geo-engineering fields, including landslide displacement monitoring and underground excavation-induced ground subsidence mapping.
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