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    Smart nickel oxide materials for the applications of energy efficiency and storage

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    Smart nickel oxide materials for ...
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    Author
    Lin, Feng
    Advisor
    Engtrakul, Chaiwat
    Richards, Ryan
    Date issued
    2012
    Date submitted
    2012
    Keywords
    lithium-air battery
    nickel oxide
    Electrochromic
    thin film
    synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy
    electronic structure
    Nickel alloys
    Lithium cells
    Electrochromic devices
    Surface extended X-ray absorption fine structure
    
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    URI
    https://hdl.handle.net/11124/76809
    Abstract
    The present dissertation studies nickel oxide-based materials for the application of electrochromic windows and lithium-air batteries. The materials were fabricated via radio frequency magnetron sputtering and subsequently post-treated with thermal evaporation and ozone exposure. The strategies to improve electrochromic performance of nickel oxide materials were investigated including compositional control, morphology tuning, modification of electronic structure and interface engineering ( i.e., Li2 O2, graphene). The electrochemical properties of the resulting materials were characterized in lithium ion electrolytes. Extremely high performing nickel oxide-based electrochromic materials were obtained in terms of optical modulation, switching kinetics, bleached-state transparency and durability, which promise the implementation of these materials for practical smart windows. With the aid of advanced synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy, it is reported for the first time that the electrochromic effect in multicomponent nickel oxide-based materials arises from the reversible formation of hole states in the NiO6 cluster accompanying with the reversible formation of Li2 O2 . The reversible formation of Li2 O2 was successfully leveraged with the study of electro-catalysts and cathode materials for lithium-air batteries. The reversibility of Li2 O2 was thoroughly investigated using soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy and theoretical simulation, which substantiates the promise of using electrochromic films as electro-catalysts and/or cathode materials in lithium-air batteries.
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