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Age related effects on muscle excitation during the Five Times Sit-To-Stand Test
Beebe, Claire
Beebe, Claire
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2024-12
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Each year, 28-35% of people 65 and over have at least one injurious fall, which can limit mobility and reduce quality of life. The Five Times Sit-To-Stand (5xSTS) is a clinical evaluation of muscle strength and fall risk. However, the outcome of this assessment only reflects time to completion and does not reveal muscle coordination or movement during the task. Evaluating muscle coordination is important to guide treatment and reduce fall risk. Net joint moments can provide insight to the muscle mechanical requirements for task completion, which can explain differences in muscle excitation. Thus, we evaluated lower limb muscle excitation, sagittal hip, knee and ankle joint moments, and time to completion of 5xSTS in healthy younger and older adults. Twenty-two (11 younger and 11 older) healthy adults completed a 5xSTS trial where they rose from a seat to a standing position and returned to the seat five consecutive times as quickly as possible. We compared integrated electromyography values for the leg and low back muscles as well as hip, knee, and ankle joint moments between groups with an unpaired t-test. Older adults required greater muscle excitation for the gluteus medius (p=0.025), lumbar paraspinals (p=0.014), rectus femoris (p=0.002), vastus lateralis (p=0.011), and tibialis anterior (p=0.038). Older adults took a similar amount of time to complete 5xSTS (p=0.473), indicating muscle compensations in this group. Older adults had similar or lower joint moments when compared to younger adults. Thus, older adults generated similar muscle forces as younger adults during 5xSTS but required greater muscle excitation to achieve these muscle forces. Muscle excitation changes may affect energy cost and fall risk during sit-to-stand with aging. Understanding these changes can aid in developing rehabilitation treatments and muscle strength benchmarks.
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Copyright of the original work is retained by the author.
Copyright of the original work is retained by the author.