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Effect of non-equilibrium processing conditions on the microstructural and physical properties of advanced materials
Madrigal Camacho, Madelyn Fabiola
Madrigal Camacho, Madelyn Fabiola
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2023
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2024-11-29
Abstract
It is now well recognized that the structure and constitution of advanced materials can be better
controlled by processing them under non-equilibrium conditions that result in non-equilibrium,
persistently metastable states. These methods include rapid solidification, condensation, irradiation, and
mechanical cold working. These methods allow for the formation of fine-grained structures, metastable
phases, and solid-state reactions that would be otherwise inaccessible by equilibrium processing
conditions. By harnessing non-equilibrium process conditions, metallurgists can push the boundaries of
materials science, enabling the development of advanced alloys with superior mechanical performance.
Nevertheless, non-equilibrium process conditions in physical metallurgy pose several significant
challenges to understanding and predicting complex microstructural evolution. Additionally, advanced
experimental techniques and theoretical models are required to characterize and control these processes.
Based on these knowledge gaps, this work focused on the revealing of processing-structure-properties-performance interrelationships of three non-equilibrium processing conditions: mechanical alloying, laser
ablation, and laser melting. Each technique was evaluated with different material systems. In the case of
mechanical alloying, MoC-graphite composite and CoCr-based alloy were synthesized. For laser ablation,
MoC-graphite core-shell nanoparticles were studied. Lastly, for laser melting, CoCr-based alloys and 316
L stainless steel alloy were 3D printed. Although no in situ experiments were performed, several
characterization techniques were implemented to analyze the materials.
The study of these three techniques was aimed at understanding the energization and recovery
mechanisms responsible for the solidification, nucleation, grain growth, defect formation,
crystallography, and composition of the materials. The parameters of each process were thoroughly
explored to develop a more comprehensive knowledge of material-process correlations. Other
contributions of these studies are the synthesis of complex carbide heterostructures, alternatives for
powder feedstock production for selective laser additive manufacturing (SLM), microstructure control for
SLM, and new insights into power reusability for powder bed fusion-laser bed (PBF-LB) processes.
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