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Development of single-shot ptychographic metrologies for investigating nonrepeatable, ultrafast phenomena
Barolak, Jonathan
Barolak, Jonathan
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2024
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2026-04-04
Abstract
Ultrafast phenomena play a pivotal role in many areas of science and technology from the measurement of the surface composition of Mars to laser eye surgery. Visual inspection and quantitative study of ultrafast dynamic processes leads to a more complete understanding of the underlying mechanics and better application to key technologies. However, imaging of such events is inherently challenging. Many phenomena operating on ultrafast timescales are nonrepeatable in nature and preclude application of commonly used pump-probe imaging modalities. Additionally, ultrafast processes often require quantitative phase contrast imaging as visible light is often not absorbed during the event. Recent advances in computational imaging offer a promising route towards the development of sophisticated forms of imaging capable of extracting vital information from dynamically evolving events. Many of these imaging modalities, such as ptychography, however, require scanning preventing their application to imaging non-repeatable phenomena.
In this thesis, novel single-shot ptychography (SSP) techniques are developed to create advanced metrologies capable of probing dynamic objects on ultrafast time scales. Included in this thesis, is the development of quantitative phase-and-amplitude contrast imaging techniques which can simultaneously image with multiple wavelengths, in three spatial dimensions, and at ultrafast frame rates. SSP experimental systems are developed and applied, for the first time, to the study of physically relevant dynamics including laser induced breakdowns, electrostatic discharges, and conduction band electron dynamics. Novel ptychographic algorithms capable of directly solving for the spatially resolved electron and neutral densities within a plasma event are presented. SSP is also extended to the EUV spectral region through the development of a novel SSP microscope that utilizes the high harmonic generation process. A novel algorithm is developed to correct for well known cross-talk issues in SSP. Finally, a high fidelity, high resolution near field SSP method is presented and discussed. The novel ptychographic imaging modalities presented in this thesis have the capability of probing dynamic phenomena in a way that was previously not possible, giving researchers new capabilities in the pursuit of understanding the fundamental mechanics involved in a plethora of non-repeatable, ultrafast phenomena.
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