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Exploration of cosmic-ray propagation and thunderstorm models to explain unusual events measured with the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory
Gibson, Joseph
Gibson, Joseph
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2018
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The Surface Detector at the Pierre Auger Observatory has recorded events that have an unusually large footprint on the array and lasts 100 times longer than a typical cosmic ray signal. This thesis explores possible models to explain the source of these unusual signals. The proposed models show that the unusual signals are not a result of a cosmic ray shower but are instead likely a result of a lightning-related phenomenon. The attachment process and the return stroke can create E-fields strong enough to create runaway relativistic electron avalanches. This process creates a cascade of high energy electrons that can span over 100 meters and induces high energy photons that can travel a few kilometers. The Surface Detector would be able to measure the high energy particles resulting from this runaway process. The simulated model of the return stroke produced a signal on the ground that was able to match the long-time of the unusual events. This very preliminary model provides some insights for some of the unusual events, but a complete explanation for the events remains elusive.
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