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Variety is not enough. Why can diversification no longer guarantee energy security?

Covatariu, Andrei
Colorado School of Mines. Payne Institute for Public Policy
Bazilian, Morgan
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2026-02-20
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Abstract
Winston Churchill once stated that "safety and certainty in oil lie in variety and variety alone." Diversification, in other words, was energy security. That insight—framed when the British Navy shifted from coal to imported oil—marked the emergence of modern energy geopolitics and the weaponization of fuel supplies. But it was the oil shocks of the 1970s that put "energy security" into the minds of policymakers, embedding ideas like diversification and strategic stocks at the core of national strategy.
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